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Что (кто) такое invertebrate - определение
.jpg?width=200)
.jpg?width=200 "180px")
![The fossil coral ''Cladocora'' from the [[Pliocene]] of [[Cyprus]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cladocora.jpg?width=200 "The fossil coral ''Cladocora'' from the [[Pliocene]] of [[Cyprus]]")
.jpg?width=200 "Sponges have no nervous, digestive or circulatory system")
![[[Arrow worm]]s are predatory components of plankton worldwide.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chaetoblack.png?width=200 "[[Arrow worm]]s are predatory components of plankton worldwide.")
![extinction event]] that killed the land dinosaurs (about 66 mya).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dactylioceras NT.jpg?width=200 "extinction event]] that killed the land dinosaurs (about 66 mya).")
![The 49th plate from [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'', 1904, showing various sea anemones classified as Actiniae, in the [[Cnidaria]] phylum](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Haeckel Actiniae.jpg?width=200 "The 49th plate from [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'', 1904, showing various sea anemones classified as Actiniae, in the [[Cnidaria]] phylum")
![[[Starfish]] [[larvae]] are [[bilaterally symmetric]], whereas the adults have fivefold symmetry](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Haeckel Asteridea Larvae.jpg?width=200 "[[Starfish]] [[larvae]] are [[bilaterally symmetric]], whereas the adults have fivefold symmetry")
![[[Bryozoa]], from [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'', 1904](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Haeckel Bryozoa.jpg?width=200 "[[Bryozoa]], from [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'', 1904")
![M.J. Schleiden]] (1804–1881)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Libr0409.jpg?width=200 "M.J. Schleiden]] (1804–1881)")
![Cnidarians are the simplest animals with cells organised into tissues. Yet the [[starlet sea anemone]] contains the same genes as those that form the vertebrate head.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nematostella vectensis (I1419) 999 (30695685804).jpg?width=200 "Cnidarians are the simplest animals with cells organised into tissues. Yet the [[starlet sea anemone]] contains the same genes as those that form the vertebrate head.")
![''[[Dickinsonia]]'' may be the earliest animal. They appear in the fossil record 571 million to 541 million years ago.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DickinsoniaCostata.jpg?width=200 "''[[Dickinsonia]]'' may be the earliest animal. They appear in the fossil record 571 million to 541 million years ago.")
![phyla]] ([[body plan]]s).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kimberella NT.jpg?width=200 "phyla]] ([[body plan]]s).")
![[[Branching vase sponge]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Callyspongia vaginalis (Branching Vase Sponge - pink variation).jpg?width=200 "[[Branching vase sponge]]")
![[[Venus' flower basket]] at a depth of 2572 meters](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Euplectella aspergillum (cropped).jpg?width=200 "[[Venus' flower basket]] at a depth of 2572 meters")
![Barrel sponge]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Barrel sponge (Xestospongia testudinaria).jpg?width=200 "Barrel sponge]]")
![Stove-pipe sponge]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aplysina archeri (Stove-pipe Sponge-pink variation).jpg?width=200 "Stove-pipe sponge]]")
![Sea anemones are common in [[tidepool]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sea anemone in tidepools.jpg?width=200 "Sea anemones are common in [[tidepool]]s")
![Their [[tentacle]]s sting and paralyse small fish](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Striped colonial anemone.jpg?width=200 "Their [[tentacle]]s sting and paralyse small fish")
![polyp]]s on the surface of a [[coral]], waving their tentacles.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coral detail.jpg?width=200 "polyp]]s on the surface of a [[coral]], waving their tentacles.")
![If an island sinks below the sea, coral growth can keep pace with the rising water and form an [[atoll]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maldives small island.jpg?width=200 "If an island sinks below the sea, coral growth can keep pace with the rising water and form an [[atoll]]")
![[[Portuguese man o' war]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portuguese Man-O-War (Physalia physalis).jpg?width=200 "[[Portuguese man o' war]]")
![''[[Porpita porpita]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Porpita porpita.jpg?width=200 "''[[Porpita porpita]]''")
.jpg?width=200 "date=March 2019}} which forms only when it needs to defecate")
.jpg?width=200 "url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/a5d7d34b1d9c09dc5747a8b45b89451b94b18ff1}}")
![[[Giant tube worm]]s cluster around [[hydrothermal vent]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Riftia tube worm colony Galapagos 2011.jpg?width=200 "[[Giant tube worm]]s cluster around [[hydrothermal vent]]s")
![Lamellibrachia luymes]]'', a [[cold seep]] [[tubeworm]], lives over 250 years.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lamellibrachia luymesi1.png?width=200 "Lamellibrachia luymes]]'', a [[cold seep]] [[tubeworm]], lives over 250 years.")
![[[Nematode]]s are ubiquitous [[pseudocoelomate]]s which can parasite marine plants and animals.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CSIRO ScienceImage 2818 Group of Nematodes.jpg?width=200 "[[Nematode]]s are ubiquitous [[pseudocoelomate]]s which can parasite marine plants and animals.")
![Bloodworms]] are typically found on the bottom of shallow marine waters](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nerr0328.jpg?width=200 "Bloodworms]] are typically found on the bottom of shallow marine waters")
![[[Bobbit worm]]s are [[ambush predator]]s that live on the seafloor](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eunice aphroditois.jpg?width=200 "[[Bobbit worm]]s are [[ambush predator]]s that live on the seafloor")
![water melon sea urchin]] illustrates](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Riccio Melone a Capo Caccia adventurediving.it.jpg?width=200 "water melon sea urchin]] illustrates")
![[[Sea cucumber]]s filter feed on plankton and suspended solids](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Espardenya (animal).jpg?width=200 "[[Sea cucumber]]s filter feed on plankton and suspended solids")
![sea lilies]] in shallow waters](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorful crinoids at shallow waters of Gili Lawa Laut.JPG?width=200 "sea lilies]] in shallow waters")
![Marine [[gastropod]]s are [[sea snail]]s or [[sea slug]]s. This [[nudibranch]] is a sea slug.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nembrotha aurea B.jpg?width=200 "Marine [[gastropod]]s are [[sea snail]]s or [[sea slug]]s. This [[nudibranch]] is a sea slug.")
![The sea snail ''[[Syrinx aruanus]]'' has the largest shell of any living gastropod](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Syrinx aruanus shell.jpg?width=200 "The sea snail ''[[Syrinx aruanus]]'' has the largest shell of any living gastropod")
![simple eyes]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Placopecten magellanicus.jpg?width=200 "simple eyes]].")
![Common mussel]], another bivalve](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mytilus edulis illustration.png?width=200 "Common mussel]], another bivalve")
![[[Horseshoe crab]], a [[living fossil]] arthropod from 450 million years ago](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Limule(dD) rotated.jpg?width=200 "[[Horseshoe crab]], a [[living fossil]] arthropod from 450 million years ago")
![Many crustaceans are very small, like this tiny [[amphipod]], and make up a significant part of the ocean's [[zooplankton]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hyperia.jpg?width=200 "Many crustaceans are very small, like this tiny [[amphipod]], and make up a significant part of the ocean's [[zooplankton]]")
![banded cleaner shrimp]] is a crustacean common in the tropics.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stenopus hispidus (high res).jpg?width=200 "banded cleaner shrimp]] is a crustacean common in the tropics.")
![The [[Japanese spider crab]] has the longest leg span of any arthropod.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Macrocheira kaempferi.jpg?width=200 "The [[Japanese spider crab]] has the longest leg span of any arthropod.")
![pmc=1149496}}[https://arstechnica.com/science/2008/06/lancelet-amphioxus-genome-and-the-origin-of-vertebrates/ Lancelet (amphioxus) genome and the origin of vertebrates] ''Ars Technica'', 19 June 2008.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amphioxus.png?width=200 "pmc=1149496}}[https://arstechnica.com/science/2008/06/lancelet-amphioxus-genome-and-the-origin-of-vertebrates/ Lancelet (amphioxus) genome and the origin of vertebrates] ''Ars Technica'', 19 June 2008.")
 (4 cm).png?width=200 "s2cid = 40452112}}")
![[[Salp]] chain](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/23 salpchain frierson odfw (8253212250).jpg?width=200 "[[Salp]] chain")
![Gill slits]] in an acorn worm (left) and tunicate (right)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gill slits.png?width=200 "Gill slits]] in an acorn worm (left) and tunicate (right)")
![''[[Aurelia aurita]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Museum Histoire Naturelle Geneva Blaschka Aurelia aurita 21102014.jpg?width=200 "''[[Aurelia aurita]]''")
![[[Cnidarian]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Museum Histoire Naturelle Geneva Blaschka Cnidaria 21102014.jpg?width=200 "[[Cnidarian]]")
![[[Octopus]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blaschka Natural History Museum Londres 28072013 2.jpg?width=200 "[[Octopus]]")
![''[[Glaucus atlanticus]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Museum Histoire Naturelle Geneva Blaschka Glaucus atlanticus 21102014.jpg?width=200 "''[[Glaucus atlanticus]]''")
![[[Sea anemone]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BlaschkaSW (4).JPG?width=200 "[[Sea anemone]]")
.JPG?width=200 "File:BlaschkaPisaCU (7).JPG")
![''[[Aviculopecten]] subcardiformis''; an extinct [[pectenoid]] from the [[Logan Formation]] (Lower [[Carboniferous]]) of [[Wooster, Ohio]] (external mold).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aviculopecten subcardiformis01.JPG?width=200 "''[[Aviculopecten]] subcardiformis''; an extinct [[pectenoid]] from the [[Logan Formation]] (Lower [[Carboniferous]]) of [[Wooster, Ohio]] (external mold).")
Википедия
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Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms and cnidarians.
The majority of animal species are invertebrates; one estimate puts the figure at 97%. Many invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata. Invertebrates vary widely in size, from 50 μm (0.002 in) rotifers to the 9–10 m (30–33 ft) colossal squid.
Some so-called invertebrates, such as the Tunicata and Cephalochordata, are more closely related to vertebrates than to other invertebrates. This makes the invertebrates paraphyletic, so the term has little meaning in taxonomy.
